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Unveiling the Politics of Tourism in 20th Century Peru: A Journey Through History, Culture, and Transformation

Robert Frost

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Published in Making Machu Picchu: The Politics Of Tourism In Twentieth Century Peru

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Tourism has emerged as a powerful force shaping the destiny of nations, and Peru has been no exception. The 20th century witnessed a profound metamorphosis in Peru's tourism landscape, a transformation inextricably intertwined with the country's political, economic, and cultural evolution.

Laying the Foundations: Tourism in the Early 20th Century

In the early years of the 20th century, tourism in Peru was in its infancy, with a trickle of foreign visitors arriving primarily from neighboring countries. The government played a negligible role in promoting tourism, and the infrastructure to support a significant tourist industry was lacking.

Making Machu Picchu: The Politics of Tourism in Twentieth-Century Peru

by Mark Rice

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Language	:	English
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However, the global tourism landscape began to shift in the post-World War II era. Air travel became more affordable and accessible, and a growing middle class emerged in developed countries, eager to explore new destinations.

The Rise of Tourism as a National Priority

Recognizing the potential economic benefits of tourism, the Peruvian government embarked on a concerted effort to promote the country as a tourist destination. In 1959, the National Tourism Agency (NTT) was established, tasked with developing and implementing tourism policies.

The NTT launched a series of initiatives to attract foreign visitors, including investing in infrastructure, promoting archaeological sites, and establishing tour operator training programs. These efforts paid dividends.

Tourists Exploring Machu Picchu, Peru Making Machu Picchu: The Politics Of Tourism In Twentieth Century Peru

Golden Age of Tourism: The 1970s and 1980s

The 1970s and 1980s marked a golden age for tourism in Peru. The country's political stability, combined with its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty, made it an increasingly popular destination for international tourists.

The number of foreign visitors soared, and tourism became a major contributor to Peru's economy. The government continued to invest in tourism infrastructure, including airports, roads, and hotels.

However, this period of growth was not without its challenges. The Shining Path terrorist group targeted tourists, and the country's political instability deterred some visitors.

Challenges and Transformation: The 1990s and Beyond

The 1990s brought a period of economic crisis and political upheaval in Peru. The tourism industry suffered as a result, but it also underwent a period of significant transformation.

In 1990, Peru adopted a new constitution that recognized the importance of tourism and granted indigenous communities greater control over their resources. This led to the development of community-based tourism initiatives that allowed visitors to experience Peru's cultural heritage.

The government also introduced measures to protect Peru's fragile environment, recognizing the need for sustainable tourism practices.

: Tourism and the Shaping of Modern Peru

Today, tourism remains a vital part of Peru's economy and culture. The country has become a major tourist destination, renowned for its ancient ruins, vibrant cities, and breathtaking natural landscapes.

The journey of tourism in 20th century Peru has been a complex and fascinating one, marked by both triumphs and challenges. The industry has had a profound impact on Peru's economy, culture, and global standing, and it is poised to continue playing a major role in the country's future.

As Peru continues to embrace tourism, it is essential to strike a balance between economic growth and the preservation of the country's cultural and natural heritage.